Hist 33D, L 5: Life in the 1930s
by Prof. H. Marcuse, UCSB, Oct. 7, 2003

Were the 1930s good years or bad years?
Again, how popular was the Nazi gov't? With whom was it popular?

• Announcements
• 1933: bottom line ambivalent?
• 1934-1936: points of view

Announcements

• journals due: questions?
• please sign up for course e-mail server (link at top of course homepage)
• film tonight (not dinner), 6:30-7:30, about Kristallnacht
• project proposals due next Tuesday
  • form groups if you want and can
  • submit several ideas, I'll comment and group
  • ideas: see course website
• Election today--who's registered/voting?

Terms & theme of unity

• Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer
  One people, one empire, one leader
• Volksgemeinschaft: community of the people; includes and excludes
• Führerprinzip: Leader principle
  Führer's will is the people's will, he makes laws
• Gleichschaltung: "coordination"--all state and local gov'ts have same proportion as national
• Eintopfsonntag: one-pot Sunday (meal): everyone helping out together for the state
• Volksempfänger: People's radio
• Volkswagen: People's car ( Nov. 1938 newspaper story in Karlsruhe, Hitler and Ferdinand Porsche look at model in 1936)

What happened in 1933?

• Feb. 27, 1933: arson of the Reichstag, allowed Hitler to pass "Emergency Decree" on Feb. 28
• March 5 election
• March 5: Hitler in Hugenberg's pocket (David Low cartoon in Evening Standard)
• March 24 Enabling Act
• Hitler (44) and Hindenburg (85)

1933: non-Aryan, Aryan

1933: League of Nations

• July 1925 French began withdrawal
• Oct 1925 "Locarno Pact": guaranteed borders of Germany w/ F,B (also Pl, Cz)
• Sept. 1926: Germany joins League of Nations
  (created by part IV of Versailles Treaty)
• Jan. 1927: military oversight commission withdrawn
• Aug. 1929 (!): Young plan reschedules reparations, Rhineland evac. 1930 (not 1935)
• Oct. 1933 "Saturday coup:" Germany out again

1934-1936

• June 30, 1934: Night of Long Knives (Röhm etc. murdered, appeased army)
• Aug. 2, 1934: Hindenburg died
• Sept 15, 1935 at Nuremburg Party rally: "Nuremburg [racial] laws
• March 7, 1936: Reoccupation of Rhineland
• Aug. 1936 Olympics in Berlin