UCSB Hist 133C, L 28:
Conclusions: Dictatorship and Democracy
by H. Marcuse, March 12, 2004

1. Q10
2. What have we learned?: Course summary

• Exam available 3/17, noon; due 3/18, 11am
• At end: pick up work: Krell & old stuff
  papers: all web except Sean & Andrew
  (others: still 11 not graded)

Q10

• Name two factors that contributed to the stability of the post-1945 German states.
• Fulbrook (p. 358-366) says 4 factors
  • commitment of elites: political, military, cultural/moral/educational
  • relative material success
  • containment of popular dissent
  • postwar international system

Historical Legacies

• How do legacies of German history affect the country after 1945?
• Ursula Duba's poem The Master Race: Werner and the prisoners: "treated like gods"
• What is "Germany"?
• 3 Reichs, 4 republics (territory varies: gross/klein)
• Holy Roman Empire, Kaiserreich (1871), Third Reich
• 1848, Weimar, Federal (West), Democratic (East)

Political Parties

Ds, Rs: Events 1945->

• What were Allied and German goals?
• Potsdam Conference (who, when, where?)
• Apply causes model…
• Ds:
  • Demilitarization
  • Denazification
  • Decartellization/decentralization
  • Democratization
• Rs: Reeducation, Reparations, Resettlement

Turnaround: 40s vs. 50s

• Turn-arounds: Byrnes '46 & Berlin Blockade '48
  • Marshall Plan (Who? For Whom? Why? What? When?)
• 1950s:
  • West: Renazification (§131), Remilitarization (Adenauer, Böll)
  • East: Stalinization--no turn in 1953
• EIEIO of division and uprising

The 1960s: "Separate Lives"

• The Berlin Wall
  • cause(s)
• new phase: "development of a socialist society"
  • Prague Spring--a missed opportunity?
• Détente, Ostpolitik
  • causes, consequences

Dealing with the Nazi Past

• 4 terms: mastery of, dealing with, working through, coming to terms with
• The "Three Founding Myths"
  • Victimization, Ignorance, Resistance
  • define for immediate postwar
  • define for 1950s, 1960s -- examples?
• Anamnesis: Overcoming the 3 Myths
  • Schlink: what was the novel about?
  • Events? Consequences?

Germany: Conformist or Dissenting?

• Examples of conformism (West and East)
• Examples of dissent
• 1953, 1955, 1958-1980s
• 1963, 1967, 1970s
• Peter Schneider's The Wall Jumper :
  What makes people tick?
  What are their goals, their motivations?

What brought "the wall" down? [I did not have time for the rest (below) in lecture]

• tradition of dissidents: Rosa Luxemburg quote; (Havemann; [Brandt])
• Gorbachev (Int'l)
• Economic conditions
• peOple responding to econ & int'l
• SED central committee (Elites, lEaders); Honecker, Krenz
• media/Info (Leipzig, Nov. 9); Ideas (reform vs. unification)

Building Democracy after Dictatorship

• Long-range master plan vs. step by step
• Democratization through:
  • denazification & reeducation (by whom?)
  • "economic miracle" (by whom?)
  • education ("propaganda"), collectivization
  • experience (overcoming the 3 myths)
  • democracy as informed participation (example of 1989 revolution)

Course Goals

• CONTENT:
  How are events connected over time?
  What is a cause? What is a consequence?
• SKILL:
  How to argue a thesis using evidence
• INSIGHTS
  • "reality" as a matter of perception
  • "facts" (evidence) are a matter of perception
    (within limits)
  • information is only as reliable as its source